Nationalism





Analysis of Map:
Most of what is present- day Italy consists of territory annexed by Sardinia. Austria had land in present day Italy however this was annexed in 1866 by Italy and Sardinia in 1859. The route Garibaldi took was from the Kingdom of Sardinia to annexed territory and upward on the mainland. The territories owned prior by Austria were annexed to form Italy in the the reunification of Italy.

Chapter 10 Section 1 Terms: (From the online book)

 * Mazzini, Giuseppe:** (1805–1872) Italian patriot; he formed the nationalist group called Young Italy to fight for the unification of the separate Italian states into one nation.
 * Cavour, Camillo di:** (1810–1861) Italian statesman and premier of the kingdom of Sardinia; architect of the Italian unification movement in the late 1800s.**Re**
 * Red Shirts:** army of volunteer troops led by Giuseppe Garibaldi; in 1860 they attacked the island of Sicily and won it for the Italians
 * Garibaldi, Giuseppe:** (1807–1882) Italian military and nationalist leader; he unified the southern states of Italy and joined them to the north to form the united Kingdom of Italy.
 * Victor Emmanuel:** (1820–1878) King of Sardinia-Piedmont from 1849 to 1861 and king of Italy from 1861 to 1878; he was the first king of a united Italy.

- If the French helped get him in control again does that mean, France had control over Italy? - France and Austria held power in Italy? - Monarchies have always caused conflicts in Europe, why would Cavour want another? Perhaps for his own selfish reasons… - I don’t understand France, they helped the Pope gain control of Rome after they formed a republic. How can Cavour trust them so easily? And what does that say about France? Why did they help the Pope get in charge anyhow? Were they going to help remove the pope now? || Revolution and Uprising:
 * CCQP: || 10.1 Path Toward Unity pg 317 ||
 * - How was the Pope in charge? Why?

- Piedmont declares war against Austria à  failed - Rome seized by revolutionaries forming a republic 1849 à  failed - Sardinia remain independent after revolt

Cavour and Sardinia:

- Camillo di Cavour believed Italian Nationalist movement would unite Italy //<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">- ////<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Il Risorgimento ////<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: meant Italian unification movement and freedom from Austria // <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Cavour prime minister of Sardinia <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">- Cavour gives France Savoy and Nice creating an ally with them <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">- France joins their war against Austria ||


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">10.1 Italian Reunification
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Causes: ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Effects: ** ||
 * * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Congress of Vienna placed political boundaries that ignored national groups
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Italian Nationalism as nation split into 3 groups
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Celebrating Italy’s cultural tradition
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Giuseppe’s Mazzini nationalist ideas and thoughts of freedom from Austria and borders set by congress of Vienna

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Social Issues: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Economic & Social: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">War: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Declared War on Ottoman Empire || * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Red Shirts control southern part of Italian Peninsula (war tactics by Garibaldi)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Regional
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Catholic Church didn’t recognize Italy as a legitimate nation
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Poverty, rising taxes, and unemployment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Kingdom of the two Sicilies offered to King Emmanuel
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Papal States and Venetia remained under enemy control
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After Prussian and Austrian war, Italy is given Venetia
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Prussia forces France out of Rome, leaving Italy unified

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Social Issues:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Southern Italians resented rule by Rome
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Prohibited Catholics voting

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Economic & Social: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Reforms: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Foreign Policy:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Riots
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Emigration
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Voting- adult male taxpayers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Prohibited child labor
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Working hours
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Alliance with Austria- Hungary and Germany
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Territory in Africa ||

Summary & Prediction:
After years of separation due to the congress of Vienna, Italy began to feel a sense of nationalism which motivated them to unify. Though Italy's economy lagged in comparison to the rest of northern Europe, I do feel their economy will grow in the following years. After gaining land in Africa, they may have access to new resources. However, with many of its people migrating to the U.S., the U.S. economy will be booming with new workers, while Italy may not. There is still hope for improvement, after gaining new allies and becoming their own nation.

=RUSSIA:=

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